Eating Disorders Explained: Types, Warning Signs and Treatment

Eating disorders are serious mental health conditions that affect people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds. While they are often misunderstood or overlooked, early recognition and treatment can make a meaningful difference. We spoke with Stephanie Robbins, Associate, iaedp Institute on Eating Disorders and Program Coordinator at Centerstone, about warning signs, treatment, and support.

What is an eating disorder?

An eating disorder is a serious mental health condition involving an unhealthy relationship with food, body image, and eating behaviors. “A lot of people think it’s just about the food, but there’s often a deeper struggle with emotions, control, identity, and self-worth,” Robbins says.

Who do eating disorders typically affect?

Frequently, certain disorders are often associated with young women, but that stereotype is misleading. People of all ages, genders, races, body sizes and socioeconomic backgrounds can experience disordered eating. While women are diagnosed more frequently, that does not necessarily mean they are more likely than men to have an eating disorder.

What causes eating disorders?

Eating disorders are highly individualized, but trauma, major life changes, and stress can contribute. Adolescence, body changes and major transitions such as starting or leaving college may increase risk. A desire for control is also common. “If something in life feels out of control, food may become the one thing a person feels they can control,” Robbins says.

What are the most common eating disorders, and what are their symptoms?

Common eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Some people may also experience symptoms that do not fit neatly into one diagnosis.

• Anorexia nervosa: Severe food restriction, intense fear of weight gain, and distorted body image.
• Bulimia nervosa: Cycles of binge eating followed by purging behaviors such as vomiting, laxatives, or excessive exercise.
• Binge eating disorder: Episodes of eating large amounts of food accompanied by guilt, shame and feeling out of control, without purging.
• ARFID: Restriction of food types or amounts, often related to sensory sensitivities, texture, smell, or fear of choking or vomiting.

Do people always know they have an eating disorder?

Not always. Robbins says it is common for loved ones to notice warning signs first. Some individuals recognize something is wrong but minimize concerns or feel shame and denial. Over time, eating disorder behaviors can become deeply ingrained and feel normal.

How are eating disorders treated?

Treatment is personalized but often includes therapy, nutritional support from a registered dietitian, and medical monitoring. Some individuals may also benefit from medication or psychiatric care. The goal is to address underlying emotional concerns and build healthier coping strategies.

What should someone do if they think they have an eating disorder?

The first step is reaching out for support. A trusted doctor, therapist or eating disorder specialist can help assess concerns and guide next steps. Early intervention can improve treatment outcomes.

How can you support a loved one?

Approach conversations calmly and with empathy. Robbins recommends using “I” statements and focusing on behaviors rather than appearance. For example: “I’m worried about you” or “I’ve noticed you seem distressed after meals.” The goal is not to fix the problem but to communicate care and support.

Eating disorders can feel isolating, but recovery is possible with the right support and treatment. If you or someone you love may be struggling with an eating disorder, Centerstone’s team is here to help. Learn more about available mental health and eating disorder treatment services at Centerstone.